Hepatitis C Medicaid Access Dashboard Provides 2023 Updates
In February, the Hepatitis C State of Medicaid Access project, operated by the Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation of Harvard Law School (CHLPI) and the National Viral Hepatitis Roundtable (NVHR), updated snapshot of the variety of restrictions and barriers to care prevalent in state Medicaid programs regarding accessing life-saving Hepatitis C (HCV) treatment. The project has been working to expand access to HCV treatment since 2014 and is a ready tool of state advocates seeking to end discriminatory program policies.
Last year, the project updated the monitored metrics to adjust to successes in advocating for policy and program changes but to also begin monitoring new ways programs are finding to restrict access to and coverage of care. Evidenced by the 2021 snapshot report citing changes since 2017, including 32 states having eliminated or reduced fibrosis restrictions, 21 states having loosened sobriety restrictions, and 25 states having scaled back provider restrictions, the 2022 report began tracking retreatment restrictions, disparities between fee-for-service (FFS) access and managed care organizations (MCOs) access policies, and “additional restrictions” including time-based lab requirements, past adherence to other prescription medications, and policies which prohibit replacement of lost or stolen medication. Restrictions not tracked yet but may be in the future include monthly prescribing limits and specialty pharmacy requirements.
The 2023 update notes that since 2022, seven states removed prior authorization requirements for most patients, no changes in fibrosis restrictions (with Arkansas and South Dakota being the only states remaining with this policy), six states having removed substance use restrictions, one state (Nevada) having removed prescriber restrictions, three states removing re-treatment restrictions, and, cumulatively, three more states have addressed disparities in FFS and MCO access to HCV treatment. Similarly, the 2023 snapshot also includes some nuanced updates with regard to prescriber restrictions, now noting a lack of restrictions for a “simplified” or “initial” treatment offering in Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Utah, and West Virginia. Additionally, the FFS versus MCO access portion introduced layers of understanding, segregating out states which do not use MCOs from the overall graphic. While Colorado, Ohio, New York, and West Virginia addressed the issue of additional restrictions or a lack of transparency, Texas took a step backwards and found itself being added to the list of states with a lack of clarity and additional MCO restrictions on HCV care. One hallmark metric of the project also received a “facelift” by introducing a “grading” system for each state’s prior authorization policies, ranking from “A+” to “F”; 9 states received an A+ for having no prior authorization requirement for most patients, 12 states received an A for having removed prior authorization requirements for most patients and having minimal restrictions, 11 states received a B for removing prior authorization requirements for most patients with some restrictions, 12 states received a C for requiring all patients to obtain prior authorization though having few restrictions on accessing care, 6 states received a D for requiring prior authorizations for all patients with “many restrictions”, and 2 states received an F due to requiring all patients to obtain prior authorization and having “harsh” restrictions.
The snapshot and grade systems have proven to be extraordinary tools in targeting advocacy, including litigation, to improve access to curative HCV treatment for Medicaid patients. Recognizing access to care is not granted, even in public payer programs, also allows advocates and policymakers to make more conscious policy decisions and empower practical programmatic design aimed toward benefiting highly affected communities.
Areas of additional support are necessary as payer policy is but one barrier to care. Advocates can and should seek changes which address provider discrimination, incentivize screening by way of establishing HCV screening as a standard of care or otherwise covered in a state’s “essential health benefit” design, and encouraging policymakers to address disparities in screening and treatment in carceral settings. Addressing HCV in carceral settings might start by requiring state prisons and local jails to report these metrics to state health departments on a regular basis, rather than hiding data behind jail systems which require and are often slow to respond to public records requests.
Much work remains and we’re ever grateful to our friends over at CHLPI and NVHR for their astounding work.